Class 9 SST Part 2 Chapter 3 MCQs – Resistance & Resilience

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Class 9 Social Science (SST) Part 2 Chapter 3 MCQs with answers: chapter-wise multiple choice questions on Resistance and Resilience, NCERT

Welcome to the Class 9 SST Part 2 Chapter 3 Mock Test on Resistance and Resilience (1000-1700 CE). This interactive test is designed to help you prepare for your CBSE exams (2026-27) with confidence.

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Question 1

The period between 1000 CE and 1700 CE in India is best described as a time of:

(a) Complete peace and stability
(b) Profound political, social, and cultural changes
(c) Total isolation from the world
(d) Decline of all artistic traditions

Question 2

What is the capacity to survive and adapt in challenging situations called?

(a) Resistance
(b) Rebellion
(c) Resilience
(d) Aggression

Question 3

What does 'resistance' mean in the context of this chapter?

(a) Actively opposing a force or authority to protect one's interests
(b) Accepting defeat without a fight
(c) Migrating to a new region
(d) Adopting a new culture

Question 4

What was a major reason for invasions into the Indian subcontinent?

(a) Lack of resources
(b) The desire for religious freedom
(c) The search for new trade routes
(d) The surplus agrarian produce of fertile river plains

Question 5

Who launched the first invasion against Jayapala of the Hindu Shahi dynasty in 1001?

(a) Muhammad Ghuri
(b) Mahmud of Ghazni
(c) Babur
(d) Alauddin Khilji

Question 6

Who defeated Muhammad Ghuri at Kasahrada in 1178?

(a) Queen Naiki Devi
(b) Prithviraj Chauhan
(c) Rana Sanga
(d) Maharana Pratap

Question 7

When was the Delhi Sultanate established?

(a) 1001
(b) 1178
(c) 1206
(d) 1526

Question 8

What was the 'iqta system' introduced by the Delhi Sultanate?

(a) A system of religious taxation
(b) A military training system
(c) A system of local self-government
(d) A system for land revenue collection and administration

Question 9

Who defeated Ibrahim Lodi in the First Battle of Panipat in 1526?

(a) Akbar
(b) Babur
(c) Humayun
(d) Sher Shah Suri

Question 10

Who led the Rajput confederacy against Babur in the Battle of Khanua (1527)?

(a) Maharana Pratap
(b) Rana Udai Singh
(c) Rana Sanga
(d) Rana Amar Singh

Question 11

Which Mughal emperor laid siege to the fort at Chittor in 1567-1568?

(a) Akbar
(b) Jahangir
(c) Shah Jahan
(d) Aurangzeb

Question 12

In which battle did Maharana Pratap fight against the Mughal forces in 1576?

(a) Battle of Khanua
(b) Battle of Panipat
(c) Battle of Dewair
(d) Battle of Haldighati

Question 13

Which military strategy did Maharana Pratap adopt against the Mughals?

(a) Open-field warfare
(b) Guerrilla warfare
(c) Naval warfare
(d) Siege warfare

Question 14

Which battle in 1582 helped Maharana Pratap reclaim control over Mewar?

(a) Battle of Haldighati
(b) Battle of Khanua
(c) Battle of Dewair
(d) Battle of Chittor

Question 15

Which community's alliance with the Rajputs is commemorated in Mewar's Coat of Arms?

(a) The Bhil community
(b) The Gond community
(c) The Maratha community
(d) The Sikh community

Question 16

Which kingdom maintained its political independence for almost six centuries (1228-1826)?

(a) Vijayanagara Empire
(b) Maratha Empire
(c) Mewar Kingdom
(d) Ahom Kingdom

Question 17

Who led the Ahom forces to victory at the Battle of Saraighat in 1671?

(a) King Jayadhvaj Singha
(b) Lachit Borphukan
(c) Mir Jumla
(d) Abu Bakr

Question 18

What were the light, fast boats used by the Ahom navy called?

(a) Bachari
(b) Dhow
(c) Catamaran
(d) Galley

Question 19

When did the Vijayanagara Empire rise?

(a) 1206
(b) 1526
(c) 1336
(d) 1674

Question 20

What does 'Vijayanagara' mean?

(a) City of Wealth
(b) City of Victory
(c) City of Temples
(d) City of Kings

Question 21

What does 'Swarajya' mean?

(a) Foreign rule
(b) Military conquest
(c) Religious devotion
(d) Self-rule

Question 22

When was the independent Maratha state established by Chhatrapati Shivaji?

(a) 1674
(b) 1659
(c) 1680
(d) 1707

Question 23

Which Maratha fort served as a strategic nucleus for guerrilla warfare?

(a) Gingee Fort
(b) Raigad Fort
(c) Chittor Fort
(d) Mehrangarh Fort

Question 24

Who founded Sikhism in the late 15th century?

(a) Guru Arjan Dev
(b) Guru Gobind Singh
(c) Guru Tegh Bahadur
(d) Guru Nanak

Question 25

Which Mughal emperor ordered the execution of Guru Arjan Dev?

(a) Akbar
(b) Aurangzeb
(c) Jahangir
(d) Shah Jahan

Question 26

Who established the Akal Takht?

(a) Guru Hargobind
(b) Guru Nanak
(c) Guru Gobind Singh
(d) Guru Arjan Dev

Question 27

When did Guru Gobind Singh establish the Khalsa?

(a) 1606
(b) 1675
(c) 1708
(d) 1699

Question 28

Who led the Jat rebellion against the Mughals in 1669?

(a) Shivaji
(b) Gokul Jat
(c) Guru Gobind Singh
(d) Lachit Borphukan

Question 29

What did the Bhakti tradition emphasize?

(a) Inclusivity and socio-religious equality
(b) Elaborate rituals
(c) Sanskrit-only worship
(d) Priestly dominance

Question 30

The Alvars were devotees of which deity?

(a) Shiva
(b) Shakti
(c) Vishnu
(d) Brahma

Question 31

The Nayanmars were devotees of which deity?

(a) Vishnu
(b) Shiva
(c) Rama
(d) Krishna

Question 32

Who composed the Ramcharitmanas in Awadhi?

(a) Kabir
(b) Mirabai
(c) Surdas
(d) Tulsidas

Question 33

What does the philosophy of 'Sulh-i-Kul' mean?

(a) Peace with all / universal toleration
(b) Holy war
(c) Religious conversion
(d) Military conquest

Question 34

What role did temples play in the socio-economic life of the region?

(a) They were only places of worship.
(b) They were only for the elite.
(c) They were economic hubs, centers of education, and political legitimizers.
(d) They had no political role.

Question 35

Which rulers called themselves the 'Rauta' (deputy) of Jagannath?

(a) The Cholas
(b) The Gajapati rulers of Odisha
(c) The Rajputs
(d) The Mughals

Question 36

Who reconstructed the Kashi Vishwanath Temple?

(a) Todar Mal and Raja Man Singh
(b) Akbar and Jahangir
(c) Shivaji and Sambhaji
(d) Krishnadevaraya and Bukka

Question 37

What does the 'haveli temple' style reflect?

(a) A new architectural innovation
(b) The decline of temple building
(c) The influence of Persian architecture
(d) The resilience of communities adapting to avoid destruction

Question 38

What was the main source of state income during this period?

(a) Trade taxes
(b) Religious donations
(c) Land revenue
(d) Maritime trade

Question 39

What was the 'hundi' used for?

(a) Facilitating large-scale commercial transactions
(b) Recording land revenue
(c) Measuring agricultural produce
(d) Tracking military movements

Question 40

Who wrote the 'Amuktamalyada', emphasizing the importance of oceanic trade?

(a) Bukka
(b) Krishnadevaraya
(c) Harihara
(d) Kumara Kampana

Question 41

Which European power was the first to arrive in India for trading ventures?

(a) The British
(b) The Dutch
(c) The Portuguese
(d) The French

Question 42

Which merchants had a huge presence in the Indian Ocean trading network before the 15th century?

(a) Arab, Chinese, and Indian
(b) British, French, and Dutch
(c) Portuguese and Spanish
(d) Only Indian

Question 43

Which merchant group emerged as significant beneficiaries of the changing commercial order in the 16th century?

(a) Bengali merchants
(b) Punjabi merchants
(c) Marathi merchants
(d) Gujarati merchants

Question 44

What roles did Indian merchants play in the political economy?

(a) Only traders
(b) Traders, bankers, brokers, diplomats, and bureaucrats
(c) Only farmers
(d) Only soldiers

Question 45

Which community, traditionally agriculturists, participated in the Indian Ocean trading network?

(a) Chettiars
(b) Banjaras
(c) Vellalar
(d) Marwaris

Question 46

What contributed to the resilience and stability of Indian society during this period?

(a) A dynamic economy
(b) Constant warfare
(c) Isolation from global trade
(d) Decline of agriculture

Question 47

Which of the following groups are mentioned in the chapter as having defended their lands and identities?

(a) Only the Rajputs
(b) Only the Marathas
(c) Only the Sikhs
(d) Rajputs, Ahoms, Vijayanagara rulers, Marathas, Sikhs, and Jats

Question 48

Which of the following emerged as prominent urban centres due to temple patronage?

(a) Delhi
(b) Thanjavur, Kanchipuram, and Puri
(c) Mumbai and Chennai
(d) Lahore and Peshawar

Question 49

Which temple received extensive donations and supported irrigation works?

(a) Kashi Vishwanath Temple
(b) Jagat Shiromani Temple
(c) Brihadeeswara Temple
(d) Jagdish Temple

Question 50

How did local communities respond to the destruction of temples?

(a) They actively maintained and restored them.
(b) They abandoned all temples.
(c) They converted them into mosques.
(d) They stopped all religious practices.

Question 51

Who built the Jagat Shiromani Temple in Amer?

(a) Raja Man Singh
(b) Todar Mal
(c) Akbar
(d) Queen Kanakwati

Question 52

Which temple was built as a political response to the Jama Masjid in Delhi?

(a) Jagat Shiromani Temple
(b) Jagdish Temple, Udaipur
(c) Kashi Vishwanath Temple
(d) Govind Devji Temple

Question 53

How is the period from 1000 to 1700 CE best understood?

(a) As a complex interplay of conflict and cooperation, resistance and resilience
(b) As a period of complete peace
(c) As a period of total destruction
(d) As a period of no cultural change

Question 54

What does the Sikh concept of 'miri-piri' represent?

(a) Only spiritual authority
(b) Only temporal power
(c) Authority over both spiritual and worldly affairs
(d) The rejection of all authority

Question 55

Which Sikh institution represented temporal power (miri)?

(a) Harmandir Sahib
(b) Akal Takht
(c) Khalsa
(d) Misals

Question 56

What were the armed groups organized by the Sikhs called?

(a) Khalsa
(b) Akal Takht
(c) Sangat
(d) Misals

Question 57

What were the main reasons for the Jat rebellion in 1669?

(a) Heavy taxes and religious policies
(b) Lack of land
(c) Desire for trade
(d) Support for the British

Question 58

Who led public sankirtan in Bengal to protest against restrictions on devotional practices?

(a) Guru Nanak
(b) Chaitanya Mahaprabhu
(c) Kabir
(d) Tulsidas

Question 59

Which Bhakti saint fulfilled her familial duties while following the path of devotion to Vithoba?

(a) Akka Mahadevi
(b) Lal Ded
(c) Mirabai
(d) Bahinabai

Question 60

Who is known for the composition 'Prem Vatika'?

(a) Raskhan
(b) Rahim
(c) Tulsidas
(d) Surdas

Question 61

What is Sufism?

(a) A political movement
(b) A military strategy
(c) A mystical dimension of Islam with a liberal outlook
(d) A form of architecture

Question 62

Which Sufi orders became prominent during the Delhi Sultanate?

(a) Qaddiriyya and Naqshbandiya
(b) Chishti and Suhrawardi
(c) Shadhili and Rifa'i
(d) Mevlevi and Bektashi

Question 63

What were Sufi khanqahs?

(a) Military barracks
(b) Marketplaces
(c) Royal palaces
(d) Hospices and centres of religious life

Question 64

Which yogic practice was incorporated by some Sufis, known in Persian as 'habs-i-dam'?

(a) Pranayama
(b) Asana
(c) Meditation
(d) Fasting

Question 65

How did the Bhakti tradition encourage the participation of women?

(a) By restricting them to household duties
(b) By excluding them from religious practices
(c) Through its emphasis on equality and inclusion
(d) By requiring them to learn Sanskrit

Test Completed!

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Chapter Summary: Resistance and Resilience

The period between 1000 CE and 1700 CE in India was marked by profound political, social, and cultural changes, driven by repeated invasions and the establishment of new ruling powers like the Delhi Sultanate and the Mughal Empire. This chapter explores how Indian society responded to these challenges through two interconnected concepts: resistance (actively opposing threats to political power and cultural identity) and resilience (the capacity to survive, adapt, and preserve traditions).

The chapter highlights the heroic resistance of various kingdoms—including the Rajputs (like Maharana Pratap), the Ahoms, the Vijayanagara Empire, the Marathas, the Sikhs, and the Jats—who used military strategies, guerrilla warfare, and strategic alliances to defend their territories. It also emphasizes the cultural and spiritual resilience of the Bhakti and Sufi traditions, which fostered inclusivity and preserved cultural identity. Finally, it discusses the economic resilience of India, driven by agriculture, trade, and financial instruments like the hundi, which sustained society through periods of instability.

Important Topics Covered

Concepts of Resistance and Resilience
Rajput Resistance (Mewar, Maharana Pratap, Haldighati)
Ahom Kingdom (Lachit Borphukan, Battle of Saraighat)
Vijayanagara Empire (Rise and Fall)
Marathas (Chhatrapati Shivaji, Swarajya, Forts)
Sikh Tradition (Guru Nanak, Khalsa, Misals)
Bhakti and Sufi Traditions
Temples as Socio-Economic and Political Centres
Economic Resilience (Trade, Guilds, Hundi)

Why is this Chapter Important?

This chapter provides a nuanced understanding of a pivotal era in Indian history. It moves beyond a simple narrative of invasions and battles to explore how Indian civilisation demonstrated remarkable resilience through cultural adaptation, economic strength, and spiritual renewal. By studying the resistance movements and the preservation of cultural identity, students can appreciate the enduring spirit of India and the complex interplay of conflict and cooperation that shaped its history.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1: What is the difference between resistance and resilience?

Resistance is the act of actively opposing a threat (e.g., military defense), while resilience is the capacity to endure, adapt, and preserve one's identity and traditions in the face of challenges.

Q2: Who was Lachit Borphukan?

Lachit Borphukan was the Ahom commander who led the Ahom forces to victory against the Mughals at the Battle of Saraighat in 1671, securing the Brahmaputra as a boundary.

Q3: What was the significance of the Bhakti tradition during this period?

The Bhakti tradition fostered inclusivity, socio-religious equality, and preserved cultural identity through local languages and community participation. It provided spiritual refuge and resilience during times of political turmoil.

Q4: What was the role of temples in this period?

Temples served as religious, economic, and political centres. They were major landholders, provided employment, supported education and arts, and legitimized political authority. Their restoration reflected the resilience of communities.

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